BOGOTA, Colombia -- The plan was nothing if not audacious: An infiltrator persuades rebels to bring together their most prized hostages and march them some 150 kilometres through Colombia's wilderness. A month later, disguised commandos primed with acting lessons land in a helicopter and trick the rebels into handing them over.
The mission was to rescue former presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt, three American military contractors and 11 others held captive in the Colombian jungles.
Melanie Delloye kisses her mother, former hostage Ingrid Betancourt, after arriving from France.
Its success hinged entirely, its planners said Thursday, on a near-total breakdown in communications between the isolated guerrilla jailers and their commanders -- the net result of years of intense U.S.-Colombian military co-operation that has seriously weakened Latin America's last major rebel army.
That, and a bit of revenge.
"When I first got briefed, I said, 'This is realistic? Can this truly work?' " U.S. Ambassador William Brownfield told The Associated Press. "And obviously, the answer was yes."
Wednesday's expertly choreographed rescue had its genesis in the escape last year of a Colombian who had spent time in captivity with the three Americans and Betancourt.
But it began to gain steam only in January, when Colombian intelligence determined that the hostages were being moved, said Gen. Freddy Padilla, Colombia's armed forces chief.
The Colombians installed U.S.-provided remote-controlled video monitoring devices -- which can zoom in and out -- along rivers that are the only transport route through dense jungles, U.S. and Colombian officials said. U.S. surveillance planes intercepted rebel radio and satellite phone conversations and employed foliage-penetrating imagery, they said.
In mid-February, a Colombian patrol spotted the three Americans -- Marc Gonsalves, Keith Stansell and Thomas Howes -- bathing in the Apoporis River under guard, the first sight of the Americans since their surveillance plane crashed in 2003.
For four days, "We had eyes on them," Brownfield said.
But a rescue operation was deemed too risky and called off.
"The president's order was: rescue, yes, but without even a drop of blood," said a Colombian army general directly involved in the mission, speaking on condition of anonymity because he wasn't authorized to disclose details.
The general said a member of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, had agreed to spearhead the operation. This infiltrator, he said, was trusted by both the rebels' high command and by the leader of the 1st Front, which was holding the hostages.
"The FARC's communications are medieval," Padilla said. He said its command-and-control is so diminished that it sends important messages by courier.
So the infiltrator was the key. He convinced Gerardo Aguila Ramirez, alias Cesar, the commander of the 1st Front, that top commanders wanted the 15 hostages moved to a rallying point, the general directly involved in the operation told The AP.
The infiltrator was upset with the FARC because his own commander had taken a house and farm away from him, the general said. This was payback.
U.S. spy satellites helped track the hostages on a monthlong journey that began May 31 and ended with Wednesday's rescue.
All the while, Brownfield and a team of 100 people at the U.S. Embassy who had been dedicated to securing the American hostages' release worked closely with the Colombians running the operation.
-- The Associated Press
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